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ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืงืจ : ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ืกืงื•ื•ื™ืจ , ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ


ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ืžืจื™ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืœืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืžืกืคืง ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืคืœื˜ ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืจื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ื“ื•ืœื‘ ืžืฆืœื™ื, ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช.

ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ืกืงื•ื•ืจ ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื”ื ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-18 ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ืžืจื™ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1776. ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“, ืฉืœืฆื“ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื”; ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืž ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ื”ืื•ืก - ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืื– 1897 ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืกืฃ ื•ื•ืืœืืก (ื’ืœืจื™ื”/ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ) ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช . ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืžืจื™ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื.















138 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
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